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Burning Mouth Syndrome

What is it?

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a complex, chronic condition characterized by a persistent burning, tingling, or numb sensation in the mouth. This discomfort can affect the tongue, lips, gums, and sometimes the throat, despite the absence of visible signs or identifiable causes. The sensation may range from mild to severe and can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life.

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Types of BMS​

BMS is categorized into two types:

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1. Primary BMS: This form occurs without any identifiable underlying cause. It is not fully understood but is believed to have a neuropathic origin, meaning it might be related to nerve dysfunction or damage. There are no clear external factors or diseases associated with primary BMS.

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2. Secondary BMS: This form is associated with an underlying condition or factor that contributes to the symptoms. Causes may include:

  • Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations, particularly in menopause.

  • Autoimmune Conditions: Disorders like Sjögren's syndrome or lupus.

  • Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Reduced saliva production leading to a dry, uncomfortable mouth.

  • Oral Thrush: A fungal infection in the mouth.

  • Acid Reflux: Stomach acid affecting the oral mucosa.

  • Medication Side Effects: Certain drugs can induce a burning sensation.​

  • Vitamin Deficiencies: Such as vitamin B, folic acid and zinc.

  • Endocrinological Diseases: Thyroid conditions and diabetes.

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Diagnosis of BMS

Diagnosing BMS can be challenging due to the overlap of symptoms with other oral or systemic conditions. A thorough diagnosis typically involves:

  1. Detailed Evaluation: An orofacial pain specialist will conduct a comprehensive review of your symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle factors.

  2. Medical History: A review of any medications, recent dental work, or changes in health status.

  3. Laboratory Tests: Blood tests and serology to rule out systemic conditions or nutritional deficiencies.

  4. Imaging: Depending on the case, imaging might be ordered to exclude secondary causes.

 

Treatment Options for BMS

Treatment for BMS focuses on alleviating symptoms and addressing any underlying causes:

  1. Medications: Various oral medications may help manage and treat burning mouth syndrome.

  2. Topical Treatments: Compound prescription mouthwashes, creams, or gels may also  provide localized relief.

  3. Dietary Adjustments: Identifying and avoiding trigger foods or beverages can be beneficial.

  4. Behavioral Modifications: Meditation and other behavioral modifications may help reduce the severity of symptoms.

  5. Treating Underlying Conditions: Managing and treating causes of secondary burning mouth will ultimately help as well with treatment.

 

Seeking Help

BMS can be a distressing condition, impacting your ability to eat, speak, and enjoy daily activities. If you experience persistent burning or discomfort in your mouth, it is important to seek a professional evaluation. Dr. Lauren Levi is equipped to provide a comprehensive assessment and develop a personalized treatment plan to help manage and alleviate your symptoms.

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Check out this article Dr. Levi wrote on burning mouth syndrome.

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